Este artículo pretende ahondar el sentido ontológico de la libertad en El ser y la nada de Jean-Paul Sartre. Para ello recurre a la intencionalidad del para-sí como deseo de integración en el ser, es decir, recuperando y conservando la tensión entre la libertad como conciencia de nada y el ser. Aunque la pasión inútil del para-sí se nos presenta como una derrota de la libertad, es preciso recuperar el carácter ontológico de sus acciones. This article aims to explore more (...) in depth the ontological sense of freedom in Being and Nothingness by Jean-Paul Sartre. The intentionality in the for-oneself is thus used as a desire to integrate into being, i.e. recovering and keeping the tension between freedom and consciousness of Nothingness and Being. Although the useless passion in the 'for-oneself is presented as a defeat to the freedom, it is necessary to recover the ontological character of its actions. (shrink)

Este artículo propone una reflexión ontológica de la experiencia de la literatura en el marco de la filosofía existencial y en relación con uno de los presupuestos de la estética de la recepción: el texto comprende, en su mismo ser, una virtualidad que involucra de manera activa a sus receptores. Ciertamente, la posibilidad que subyace a esta demarcación es la insurrección de la filosofía existencial de tono heideggeriano, que enmarca la pregunta por el ser en una analítica del Dasein. Dicho (...) despliegue, que se efectúa principalmente en Ser y Tiempo, tendrá en esta reflexión un viraje hacia el concepto de ‘conciencia lectora’ de Gadamer, más cercano a la estética de la recepción y que, no obstante, conserva el carácter de ser-en-el-mundo al modo de ser-en-el-texto. El objetivo es ahondar el fundamento mismo de la recepción en las duplas obra-mundo-receptor-ser-en-el-mundo, con lo que se favorece dicha experiencia como un hacerse-otro. Así las cosas, el texto transitará de una fundamentación de carácter fenomenológico-existencial con los matices que esto implica frente a los presupuestos de la fenomenología de E. Husserl, al horizonte de la estética de la recepción literaria en un despliegue de corte hermenéutico que matizará el existenciario estar/siendo-en-el-mundo al modo de ser-en-el-texto, operación que integra la apertura del texto-mundo a una búsqueda incesante de ser. En esta fusión de horizontes convergerán las nociones ‘horizonte de expectativas’ y “puntos de indeterminación’, y esto porque en ese horizonte del polo receptor se abre la indeterminación existencial al texto en tanto ocupación y cuidado de la existencia misma. (shrink)

Esta reflexión hunde sus raíces en las obras transicionales de Ernesto Sabato: Uno y el Universo y Hombres y engranajes, con elementos muy propios del mundo que instaura El túnel. Allí Juan Pablo Castel, encarna el túnel de su propia existencia desde dos puntos equidistantes y superpuestos: primero, la inmersión, que realiza como artista cuando pinta -una posibilidad que desafía toda lógica-, y segundo, la explicación, planteada como la necesidad de clarear una mujer inquieta y solitaria, frente a un mar (...) tormentoso. Lo que permitirá comprender cómo Juan Pablo Castel caminará en dos direcciones necesarias, que no admitirán una síntesis: primero, la dirección yo-universo, que encaja en la necesidad de gobernar el mundo a partir de la abstracción, la urgencia de explicación de ese hombre profano que despierta de un sueño profundo; segundo, la dirección universo-uno en tanto búsqueda de lo humano, sin disminuir las contradicciones, ese largo ir y venir que no agota esas dos tendencias entremezcladas y ambivalentes. (shrink)

Este artículo estudia los mecanismos de circulación de intelectuales hispanoamericanos en Colombia durante la segunda mitad del siglo xix. Dicho período evidenció una modernización de la prensa y el mercado del libro en la región, que expandió el espacio de acción de los intelectuales, generando conexiones entre ellos y permitiendo el desarrollo de un debate continental, especialmente alrededor del liberalismo. En particular, el liberalismo colombiano tuvo álgidos debates con el liberalismo chileno. A raíz de los intercambios, se consolidó una comunidad (...) intelectual hispanoamericana. (shrink)

Este trabajo describe la vida y escritos de L. Polo hasta 1996. A los 25 años descubrió su método de pensamiento: el abandono del limite mental. Vivió en Madrid, Roma, Granada y Pamplona. Amante de la verdad y de la libertad personal. Entre sus obras más profundas se encuentran las que componen su Curso de teoría del conocimiento y su Antropología trascendental.

This is a book dedicated to Professor George F. McLean (1929-2016). A group of distinguished scholars from all parts of the world provide personal reminiscences, recollections and reflections on the global outreach of McLean's philosophical work and his legacy. Authors are from such countries as Argentina, Austria, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia, Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA, Zimbabwe, etc.

This paper considers Jacques Rancière’s influential theory of the relation between aesthetics, politics, and art. First, it synthesizes Rancière’s theory. Second, it offers a critical perspective of Rancière’s conception of the autonomy of art in relation to his theory of politics and aesthetics. In doing so, the purpose is to work towards the development of a theoretical base in which we may follow Rancière’s theory of the relation between aesthetic experience and politics whilst avoiding compliance with his relatively fixed and (...) structural notion of the autonomy of art as an attribute of what he calls the aesthetic regime of art. Drawing a distinction between the autonomous experience of the work of art and the ideology of the autonomy of art, this paper argues that the prior comes about both within and in opposition to the latter: the autonomy of art hinges on a relative and relational production of a singularity, not on a structural and defining separation of art from the world of habitual aesthetic experience. (shrink)

Ernesto Volkening leyó, reescribió y comentó los Escolios a un texto implícito de Nicolás Gómez Dávila, labor interpretativa desarrollada mediante un diario de lectura con aspiraciones aforísticas y críticas. Este artículo recuerda el contenido de sus valoraciones y destaca cómo estas sirven en la definición de glosas, máximas y aforismos; así mismo, se concentra en la voluntad de estilo de los fragmentos que conforman la obra. Lo anterior favorece el examen de la forma de la escritura en las tareas críticas (...) de Volkening y la reafirmación de lazos entre diario de lectura, formas argumentativas breves y ensayo. (shrink)

RESUMEN La historia de las ideas y de la cultura considera el romanticismo un movimiento estético y literario, sin embargo su origen responde a una cuestión esencial de la Filosofía, con una actitud altamente contestataria contra las formas políticas establecidas y la educación recibida de la generación anterior. Traer el romanticismo al academicismo del aula fue la forma de desactivar su fuerza. La búsqueda de una edad heroica, determinó una concepción del tiempo y su proceso civilizador opuesta a la pretensión (...) ilustrada de progreso. El primer precedente es Hamann, una teología crítica alimentada por el pietismo que interiorizó a la vez el empirismo de Hume. Con Herder la Naturaleza se convierte en medio y fin de la nueva educación, recuperando de alguna manera lo que fue el radicalismo de Rousseau. Para Kant, aquella moda era estridente, sin embargo comprendió de ellos las aporías de un finalismo organicista de la Naturaleza y la incapacidad de explicar este proceso desde el determinismo físico laplaciano, vigente en las ciencias experimentales. Frente a la casuística externalista, la libertad se convierte en la esencia de lo humano. Esto apasionó a los románticos. Para Schiller es el motor de la historia humana, que está por encima de la historia natural —el Espíritu, según Hegel—. Este fue el contexto de la Filosofía que Fichte enseñaba, el idealismo: el deber de acción es anterior al propio deber moral. Y esta es la Filosofía de los «años de formación» de Schelling, los Naturphilosophen y el mismo Hegel. La voluntad de acción de la Filosofía fichteana es en Novalis y Hölderlin una «fuerza insconsciente». Contemplan el sublime proceso de la Naturaleza, como una transposición de su propia juventud vivida, de la contradicción y devenir de su propia psique: la crianza que supera años e incorpora etapas. Por eso Hegel apunta en su semestre de 1805/06, la Realphilosophie: «¿La Tierra tiene una historia? ¿Qué es historia?». (shrink)

This article analyzes the autofigurative strategies of La travesía by Luisa Valenzuela in terms of the narratives of the self, the Argentine dictatorship and feminism. A correspondence is found between the disavowal of the voice, the structure of the autobiographical account and the portrait of the experience of the violence of the military regime and of gender. Initially, the novel is situated at the height of the narratives of the self that, with literary resources that are separated from the most (...) conservative autobiographical writings, denounce the impossibility of understanding the subject as univocal, while founding different approaches to the retelling of the experience. This location allows exploring the formal experiments that Valenzuela carries out around the autobiographical exercise and that highlight the crisis of the construction of memory and the exposure of contemporary subjectivity. In addition, it is shown how such strategies serve as a vehicle for reflection on feminism and dictatorship that permeate all of her work. For this, Valenzuela's notion of feminine writing is used, which puts the multiplicity of perspectives before the univocity of the autobiographical voice, the ambiguous before the precise, and the collective before the authoritarian. La travesía is, then, read as part of the works that come to the narration of the experience itself in a framework of the retelling of collective memory, with narrative games that point out the deictic futility of the self and the difficulty of recounting past time, without, therefore, abandoning the call for its reconstruction as a guarantee of non-repetition. (shrink)

La cultura, en tanto manifestación de la actividad del espíritu en oposición a la actividad material, se ha entendido, generalmente, como expresión del progreso humano, que nos aleja de la barbarie. Adorno somete este concepto a un riguroso análisis dialéctico y descubre que la barbarie misma puede estar encarnada en la cultura, y que esta, como bien sucede con la industria cultural, puede estar al servicio de la dominación antes que al de la emancipación. Sin embargo, no renuncia a su (...) espíritu utópico. Este texto explora no solo la crítica de Adorno al concepto tradicional de cultura y su complicidad con la barbarie, sino también las indicaciones en el pensamiento del mismo autor para comprender las posibilidades emancipatorias de la cultura. (shrink)

Leonardo Polo proposes a new interpretation of the history of philosophy, based on three remarkable periods: Athens, with Aristotle; Paris, With Thomas Aquinas; and Berlin, with Hegel. Taking advantage of the study of these three great thinkers, he has built the main outlines of his own philo-sophy, particularly his transcendental anthropology, amplifying remar-kably the transcendentals of classic philosphy. It also contains a new and very seminal interpretation of man. Finally, it supplies a reorientation of modern philosophy as a whole.

This papers deals with the actual situation of philosophy. It might be considered an "exogen configuration" of it, with the conscience of the end of modernity, the current attitudes of philosophers, the academic frame and activities of philosophy itself and the lack of racionality in society. On the other hand, it might be considered an "endogen configuration" of philosophy, which in this papers only appears in a very brief sketch. The quotations of several books of Professor Millán-Puelles serve the purpose (...) of showing his conception of philosophy. (shrink)

Evaluating the Knowledge and Practice of Limitation of Therapeutic Effort in Health Workers at a Health Care Institution for Cancer Patients in Medellín, 2018Avaliação do conhecimento e da prática da limitação de esforço terapêutico em equipe de atendimento de uma instituição prestadora de serviços de saúde para pacientes oncológicos de Medellín, 2018Limitation of therapeutic effort is any action that involves suspending or not initiating medical treatment or therapeutic measures in patients who will not receive any clinical benefit. In Latin America, (...) some research has proven a lack of familiarization and disagreement with the subject and its practices. The present study tried to objectify the knowledge of LTE of healthcare personnel at an institute in Medellín using a self-administered survey that allowed conducting a cross-sectional descriptive study with non-probabilistic sampling. Within the results, 56.5 % of respondents understood the concept of LTE, and 90 % applied it actively. However, there were discrepancies regarding the core concepts of the definition and practice.Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigoVallejo LI, Palacio AM, Marulanda V, Restrepo A, Yepes LA, Valencia NL, Cruz MA. Evaluación del conocimiento y práctica de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en personal asistencial de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud para pacientes oncológicos de Medellín, 2018. 2020;24:177-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.2.5Recibido: 19/07/2019Aceptado: 08/08/2020Publicado: 27/11/2020. (shrink)

This is a philosophical study dedicated to the late professor Vincent Shen (1949-2018), the Philosophy Department, University of Toronto, Canada. Papers in this collection are written by a group of philosophers and scholars from various countries and with different cultural and philosophical backgrounds. The issue includes the meaningfulness of life, self-awareness of life, intercultural dialogue, mutual recognition, otherness, sinology, Confucianism, justice, generosity, wisdom, etc.

Hydromechanical continuously variable transmission is capable of bearing large torque and has wide transmission range, which is suitable for high-power tractors. Dynamic characteristics could influence the tractor life, especially in a high-power tractor. Wet clutch is the crucial component in the HMCVT, which could smooth and soft power transmission. Therefore, it is important to study the dynamic characteristics and implement the wet clutch test of HMCVT. In this paper, AMESim is used to establish virtual models of gearbox, pump-controlled hydraulic motor (...) system, and shifting hydraulic system. Then, a simulation study of tractor operation under working condition is carried out. The internal and external meshing forces of the planetary row are analyzed. Finally, the wet clutch engagement process of HMCVT in the high-power tractor is tested to verify the oil pressure. The simulation results show that the values of internal and external meshing force become larger as the throttle opening increases. At the moment of shifting change, the meshing forces of the planetary gear have great impact. The clutch test shows that the trend of the oil filling curve obtained from the bench test is similar to that obtained from the theoretical curve, which verifies the simulation results. (shrink)

The paper presents George McLean’s life and his extraneously rich activities in various fields, but first and foremost his endeavors to create conditions for dialogue, communication, and cooperation in philosophy and in all social life.

The paper presents George McLean’s life and his extraneously rich activities in various fields, but first and foremost his endeavors to create conditions for dialogue, communication, and cooperation in philosophy and in all social life.

"Act" or "Actuality" traduces two words coined by Aristotle: energeia and entelecheia. The first meaning of energeia is movement (kinesis). The second meaning designs the end of movement: form, substance (ousia), essence. Here entelecheia is brought to design that final state in which things reach their end and perfection. The third meaning or application of ener-geia, and derivately of entelecheia, is operation, action, function (ergon).

Human person must be considered from the transcendental point of view, in order to discover their most deep dimensions of its being: intimacy or interiority, intellectual knowledge, giftness or love, liberty, incommunicability, filiation. The article offers an initial approach to these notions.

Comment devient-on philosophe? Par quel sursaut un Aristoclès se fait-il Platon, jusqu'à s'imposer dans la liste des " auteurs philo " Il faut enquêter, non pas sur la vie privée, mais sur la vie intime : rumination intellectuelle, ton sur lequel on parle, motivations amoureuses... Ce qui fait un philosophe, c'est un immense travail sur soi, et la rencontre d'autres philosophes, vivants, de leurs problématiques. Mémoire sémantique + obsession métaphysique, voilà le code génétique du philosophe. Il débute par un attentat (...) religieux, puisqu'il commence sa carrière en niant tel ou tel sacré. Bien sûr, il vaut mieux être mâle, communiquer par les livres adopter la langue dominante, écrire quand on est célibataire. Comment gagner sa vie? Pas forcément en étant enseignant, comme c'est le cas aujourd'hui. Le profil du philosophe nous le révèle orphelin, vivant à l'étranger, souvent laid, jamais fou, et serial thinker, prêt à changer de philosophie pourvu qu'il reste, lui, à menacer le monde donnera ou donnera pas du sens à notre vie? Le philosophe est l'être inquiet qui pense inquiéter l'Être par deux trois mots bien aiguisés. (shrink)

How (Not) to Be Secular is what Jamie Smith calls "your hitchhiker's guide to the present" -- it is both a reading guide to Charles Taylor's monumental work A Secular Age and philosophical guidance on how we might learn to live in our times. Taylor's landmark book A Secular Age (2007) provides a monumental, incisive analysis of what it means to live in the post-Christian present -- a pluralist world of competing beliefs and growing unbelief. Jamie Smith's book is a (...) compact field guide to Taylor's insightful study of the secular, making that very significant but daunting work accessible to a wide array of readers. Even more, though, Smith's How (Not) to Be Secular is a practical philosophical guidebook, a kind of how-to manual on how to live in our secular age. It ultimately offers us an adventure in self-understanding and maps out a way to get our bearings in today's secular culture, no matter who "we" are -- whether believers or skeptics, devout or doubting, self-assured or puzzled and confused. This is a book for any thinking person to chew on. (shrink)

Extraterrestrial Altruism examines a basic assumption of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI): that extraterrestrials will be transmitting messages to us for our benefit. This question of whether extraterrestrials will be altruistic has become increasingly important in recent years as SETI scientists have begun contemplating transmissions from Earth to make contact. Technological civilizations that transmit signals for the benefit of others, but with no immediate gain for themselves, certainly seem to be altruistic. But does this make biological sense? Should we (...) expect altruism to evolve throughout the cosmos, or is this only wishful thinking? Is it dangerous to send messages to other worlds, as Stephen Hawking has suggested, or might humankind benefit from an exchange with intelligence elsewhere in the galaxy? Would extraterrestrial societies be based on different ethical principles, or would we see commonalities with Earthly notions of morality? Extraterrestrial Altruism explores these and related questions about the motivations of civilizations beyond Earth, providing new insights that are critical for SETI. Chapters are authored by leading scholars from diverse disciplines—anthropology, astronomy, biology, chemistry, computer science, cosmology, engineering, history of science, law, philosophy, psychology, public policy, and sociology. The book is carefully edited by Douglas Vakoch, Director of Interstellar Message Composition at the SETI Institute and professor of clinical psychology at the California Institute of Integral Studies. The Foreword is by Frank Drake. This interdisciplinary book will benefit everybody trying to understand whether evolution and ethics are unique to Earth, or whether they are built into the fabric of the universe. (shrink)

Introduction: Conversion and the practice of transformation -- The philosophical structure of Jonathan Edwards's religious affections -- Habit, habit change, and conversion in C.S. Peirce -- Reconstructing faith : religious overcoming in Dewey's pragmatism -- Transforming obligation in William James -- Dwelling in absence: the reflective origin of conversion -- Creative transformation : the work of conversion -- The evasion of conversion in recent American philosophy.

While there are numerous doubts, controversies and lack of consensus on alternative definitions of human death, it is argued that it is more ethical to allow people to choose either cessation of cardio-respiratory function or loss of entire brain function as the definition of death based on their own views. This paper presents the law of organ transplantation in Japan, which allows people to decide whether brain death can be used to determine their death in agreement with their family. Arguably, (...) Japan could become a unique example of individual choice in the definition of death if the law is revised to allow individuals choose definition of death independently of their family. It suggests that such an approach is one of the reasonable policy options a country can adopt for legislation on issues related to the definition of death. (shrink)

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) was an extraordinarily original thinker, whose influence on twentieth-century thinking far outside the bounds of philosophy alone. In this engaging Introduction, A.C. Grayling makes Wittgenstein's thought accessible to the general reader by explaining the nature and impact of Wittgenstein's views. He describes both his early and later philosophy, the differences and connections between them, and gives a fresh assessment of Wittgenstein's continuing influence on contemporary thought.